Reed Reventlow had been a big game hunter until both Kenyan game laws and American public censure shut him down, but not before his trophy room was hung with bighorn sheep taken in the high Sierra, cougar and mountain lion from the Absaroka mountains, and leopards, cheetahs from the Serengeti.
As a young man in India he and an Indian Army Colonel had hunted tigers in Assam and wild boar in the forests of Madhya Pradesh. He was proud of the fact that he had taken down big and small game in every continent, and his reputation as a fearless stalker and dead shot preceded him. He was never one to use beaters to drive his prey into the open for an easy kill, and was as fearless as his native African guides whose forbears had tracked, stalked, and killed with arrows and spears.
He was not interested in rhinoceros, although many of his mates said there was nothing like standing your ground before a massive charging two-ton brute and putting a bullet between his eyes at 50 meters. He preferred big cats - somehow the affair seemed more equal, and fair play and equality were all part of the hunt.
An American associate residing in Delhi who had gone to Manipur to hunt tiger; but the hunt was anything but fair. His Indian guides tethered a bleeding goat to a stake while the American sat in a high blind in a a mango tree, waited for the tiger to approach the goat, and then shot him. It galled and angered Reed to see the trophy - the head of a magnificent Bengal tiger shot from the treetops at close range.
Hunting animals caused Reed no particular moral concern There was no difference between a lion and a Texas longhorn or a chicken, slaughtered in the tens of thousands every day. Higher order, intelligent animals like pigs, dogs, and monkeys were killed, grilled, and enjoyed in Africa, Asia, and the Americas without a hint of remorse.
Animal rights activists cry foul, and say that sentience exists up and down the phylogenetic ladder, and that vegetarianism is the only moral option. If fish can feel pain when hooked, and that every fish from Johnny roaches to marlins suffer needlessly, then anglers are certainly cruel to their prey.

Gary Varner in his book “Which Animals Are Sentient” (2012) developed a list of criteria; and those animals which met all or most of them felt pain. Fish met all the criteria (nociceptors, brain, nociceptors and brain linked, endogenous opioids, response to damaging stimuli similar to humans).
Sneddon et al (2014) elaborated on Varner’s classification, dividing fish into different phylogenetic categories and adding more behavioral criteria. According to their research, bony fish (the ones commonly caught by recreational and commercial fishermen), met all standards for pain.
Commercial fishermen might claim that netting of fish is painless; and while such techniques avoid spearing or hooking, those hundreds of bluefish, mackerel, or sardines flipping and flopping around on the deck of a trawler are actually going through the agonizing death throes of asphyxiation.
In other words there is no painless way of killing fish except by drugging them in fish farms.
Given this recent, extensive, and exhaustive research, one might well conclude that fish do indeed feel pain and if animal rights activists are right, then all fishing which causes pain should be stopped.
What about oysters? All oyster-lovers know that the way to tell if oysters are really fresh is if they twitch a bit when you squeeze lemon on them. They have a nervous system and they respond, but they have no brain; so is feeling pain without making any sense of it still feeling pain?
However, argued Reed, we have entered a new, radical, revolutionary period of human evolution. Virtual reality and the eventual replacement of the 'real' by its computer-generated images will change human perception, experience, and ethics. The technology is in its infancy, but when brain-computer interface is made possible, then the virtual world will become the real world. There will be no difference in the two, and the participant will 'be' on the savannah with tigers, lions, and gazelles.